- 1346
EN: This contribution advocates for leaving the notion of borrowings as once-and-for-all processes and argues in favour of the mechanism of multiple inputs. This perspective lies behind etymological analysis of loanwords into Middle English in the Oxford English Dictionary and the analysis of some Middle Welsh words suggests that it could be even more plausible for medieval Wales given its multilingual situation, where Latin, Middle English and Anglo-French functioned as lexical donors. As illustrations for the notion of multiple origins some loanwords in a religious text Ystoria Lucidar in the 14th century manuscript Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119 are analysed on an exemplary basis. Although all of them are classified as borrowings from Middle English or possibly Anglo-French in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru their correspondence to the phonetically similar Latin equivalents could suggest at least a reinforcement of re-borrowing of words in the process of translation that is a specific locus of language contact.
RU: В статье предлагается учитывать возможность неоднократного заимствования при этимологическом анализе средневаллийских лексем. Для среднеанглийского языка этот подход убедительно применяется в Oxford English Dictionary, в валлийском словаре Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru этимологические пометы делаются исходя из предположения о единственности возможного источника заимствования. Анализ отдельных лексем в религиозном тексте Ystoria Lucidar в рукописи 14-го века Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119, маркированных в словаре как заимствования из среднеанглийского (или, возможно, французского), но при этом соответствующих в латинском оригинале лексемам, к которым в конечном итоге восходят и английские слова, заставляет предположить как минимум возможность расширения значения или повторного их заимствования при переводе.
RU: статье рассматриваются лексические решения, принимаемые средневаллийским переводчиком текста Элюцидария, при переводе латинских слов, относящихся к понятию предопределения. Решения эти зачастую далеки от терминологической точности. Основной причиной этого, возможно, является изменение круга читателей валлийского текста по сравнению с латинским. Валлийский текст ориентирован на мирян, желающих иметь в своем распоряжении изложение основ вероучения на своем родном языке, поэтому переводчик в отдельных местах упрощает латинский текст.
EN: This paper examines the way several Latin lexemes related to the highly complex concept of predestination are being translated in a Middle Welsh version of the Elucidarium by Honorius Augustodunensis. The Welsh translator of the text as we find it in the manuscript Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119, also known from its colophone as Llyfr Ancr Llanddewi Brefi, dated 1346, is far from being precise in dealing with the Latin theological terminology, translating, for example, praedestinati ʻpredestinedʼ as y rei da ʻthe good onesʼ and reprobati ʻreprobatedʼ as y rei drwc ʻthe bad onesʼ. This by no means defines his own linguistic or theological competence. It is much more likely that these ʻinaccuracies’ are to be attributed to the intention of the Welsh translator to present the text to a lay public who would probably not delight in cutting-edge theological subtleties, but wanted a more general instruction in the Christian faith which would also be eagerly read by their contemporaries in other vernaculars.
A critical study of a Welsh translation of Ystorya Gwlat Ieuan Vendigeit, a letter supposedly sent by Prester John to Manuel, emperor of Constantinople about 1165, comprising presentations of two translations of the document, taken from manuscripts Jesus College 119, Peniarth 15, 47 and 267, an appreciation of the text and its significance in Welsh literature, and detailed notes.
Two folios (foliated 124 and 127) that were originally part of Rawlinson B 512, where they were two of the leaves to have stood between what is now ff. 6 and 7. The fragments contain a part of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick.
- s. xv/xvi
Oxford almanac for 1703, to which Edward Lhuyd has added an Irish grammar, a prosody in Irish and Latin and a few minor items, probably during his tour through Ireland.
- 1703
- Edward Lhuyd
Two leaves, now in Dublin, Trinity College, MS 1436, which formerly belonged to the Book of the White Earl (see Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 610, ff. 59–72 + 123–146). It contains a part of the Dinnshenchas Érenn, covering ten places in Ireland.
- 1453 x 1454
A paper manuscript containing copies of 33 saints’ Lives from the Codex Insulensis. It was written in 1627 by John Goolde, guardian of the Franciscan friary in Cashel, whose exemplar is thought to have been Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson 505 (itself a copy from Rawl. 485). The copy was intended for John Colgan and his Franciscan associates.
- 1627
- John Goolde [friar and scribe]
A purely hypothetical ‘very ancient book in the British language’ (quendam Brittanici sermonis librum uetustissimum) containing a history of the deeds of the kings of Britain, from Brutus to Cadwalladr, which Geoffrey of Monmouth alleges to have rendered into Latin when writing his Historia regum Britanniae, a work known for its audacious originality. Geoffrey mentions it in the preface to this work, where he claims to have received the book from Walter, archdeacon of Oxford. Whatever his source material may have been, or Walter’s role in supplying it, the claim that so much of this was written in the vernacular and contained in a single volume (implicitly, to which few would have access) is commonly regarded as a spurious appeal to authority.
13th-century English manuscript containing Latin Lives of St Martin (by Sulpicius Severus), St Nicholas of Myra (by John the Deacon), St Edmund of Canterbury and St Margaret, De inventione sanctae Crucis, and Lives St Agatha, St Brendan (Navigatio) and St Brigit (by Lawrence of Durham).
- s. xiii2